Match your goal: for risotto-style creaminess, pick Carnaroli, Vialone Nano, or medium-grain sushi rice.
Use the table’s ratio (usually 1:1). For higher-absorption grains, slightly reduce added liquid by 2–4 tablespoons and adjust as you cook.
If your substitute is very starchy, avoid heavy rinsing; if it’s too sticky, rinse once and drain thoroughly before cooking.
For baking swaps, undercook by 2–3 minutes or compensate by adding a bit more moisture so the rice finishes tender.
Taste for doneness and stop cooking as soon as the rice is creamy/tender; Arborio-style substitutes can turn mushy if overcooked.