Identify why the recipe uses brandy: aroma for cakes/glazes vs. sweetness vs. boozy complexity.
Choose the closest substitute from the table (spirit, fortified-style, wine, or non-alcoholic) and start with the listed ratio.
If using a sweeter option (grape juice + vanilla), reduce any added sugar by a small margin; if using a drier option (dry sherry), keep the recipe’s sugar.
For baked goods, mix the substitute into wet ingredients so it disperses evenly; rest the batter 5–10 minutes if your recipe allows.
Taste after mixing (before baking) and adjust with a tiny pinch of salt or a touch of sugar to balance fruitiness and bitterness.