Choose a substitute that matches your dish: for sauces/pickles, pick rice vinegar or white wine vinegar; for dressings, lime juice + water can work well.
Measure using the listed ratio, then taste—especially if your substitute is stronger (white vinegar) or fruitier (ACV).
If the substitute tastes too sharp, dilute with an equal amount of water or reduce it further and add a pinch of sugar.
If you need more tang after tasting, add in small increments (1–2 teaspoons per ¼ cup) to avoid overshooting.
Use immediately for no-cook dishes; for cooked sauces, simmer 30–60 seconds so the sharpness mellows.