Identify what you’re making: a cocktail (needs bitter/herbal balance) or cooking (needs acidity and wine notes).
Start with the listed 1:1 (or mixed) swap ratio, then taste and adjust bitterness and acidity rather than volume.
If using wine (or a wine blend), add a small acid boost (lemon juice or vinegar) to mimic vermouth’s tang.
If your swap feels flat, add a tiny pinch of salt and a herbal note (e.g., dried thyme) to recreate botanical lift.
For cocktails, chill and stir/build gently so the swap stays crisp; for cooking, simmer briefly to round harsh edges.