Match the substitute to your dish: use a briny seafood option for soups/seafood sauces, and use kombu or miso for gentler bases.
Swap using the listed ratio, then adjust intensity: if it tastes flat, add a bit more kombu/seafood concentrate or a small amount of miso.
Adjust salinity last: taste after simmering/steeping, then add a pinch of salt or a splash of water to correct oversalting.
If the dish needs “fishy” aroma, add a small lemon splash or a few drops of fish-sauce-style seasoning (sparingly) at the end.
Simmer sauces 2–5 minutes longer with the substitute so the flavors meld and the stock tastes less watery.