Pick the swap closest to your dish: want deep fermented umami (use ssamjang or doubanjiang blend); want sweet-spicy tang (use miso/chili/sugar or tomato paste blend).
Use the 1:1 ratio as a starting point, then adjust texture: add a splash of water if too thick, or simmer briefly to thicken.
Balance flavor in the dish: if it tastes too sharp/bitter, add a small amount of honey or brown sugar; if it’s too mild, add chili flakes (gochugaru) a pinch at a time.
Taste and finish: for marinades, let it sit 5–10 minutes; for glazes, brush and cook until glossy.