Identify how mace is used: small warm aroma in baking, or a supporting spice in savory sauces.
Choose the substitute with the closest “warm + slightly sweet + aromatic” profile from the table, then start with the listed ratio (slightly under for blends).
If using a strong spice (cloves, five-spice), bloom it by mixing into warm butter, milk, or cooking liquid for 20–30 seconds before adding to the recipe.
Taste and adjust at the first opportunity: add a pinch more for aroma, or reduce if your dish becomes too sweet or sharp.
For baking, re-check after baking: spices intensify as they bake, so it’s safer to start lower and build.