Choose your swap based on what the miso is doing: ferment depth (white miso), pure salt/umami (tamari/soy sauce), or bold fermented sweetness/spice (gochujang).
Apply the listed ratio, then mix the substitute into warm liquid first (or fully dissolve) so it blends smoothly instead of clumping.
Taste after blending: if it’s too salty, thin with water/broth; if it’s missing ‘fermented sweetness,’ add a small amount of sugar or honey.
For baking, keep swaps consistent—start with the milder options (white miso/soy+sugar) and adjust salt last so the crumb doesn’t over-salt.