Pick your substitute blend or mix based on what you have (blends first for balance; single spices for control).
Measure using the listed ratio; for single-spice swaps, start at the lower side of the guidance to avoid clove/pepper overpowering.
If your recipe is baked (pie, bread, cookies), stir the spice into dry ingredients before mixing wet ingredients.
If using a stronger blend (like chai), let the batter rest 5 minutes after mixing to mellow harsh notes before baking.
Taste the spice in a small splash of warm milk/water (or check batter aroma) and adjust by adding small pinches of cinnamon for sweetness-like warmth.