Choose the closest match to your cooking goal: deglazing/pan sauce (sherry), braise/body (diluted balsamic), or quick acidity (vinegar + sugar).
Measure using the listed ratio; for ¾ swaps, start with less and top up only if the sauce tastes flat.
Reduce briefly before adding back to the dish (30–90 seconds for sauces, 2–5 minutes for braises) so the substitute loses its raw edge.
Taste at the end: if it’s too sharp, add a small pinch of sugar; if too sweet, add 1–2 teaspoons of water or more reduction time.
Use the substitute at the same step you’d add wine—deglaze first, then simmer to carry the flavor through.