Identify your use case: baking (cake, cookies, glaze) vs. cocktail flavor.
Start with the closest match from the list (aim for the 1:1 swaps first when alcohol flavor matters).
If the substitute is non-rum or non-alcohol, adjust intensity: reduce amount for strong flavors (bourbon/brandy) or increase vanilla for aroma.
Let batter or sauce rest 5–10 minutes before baking/serving to mellow sharp notes and improve blend.
Taste if your recipe supports it (sauce/glaze). For baked goods, bake a small test batch if the rum flavor is crucial.