Choose the substitute based on what your recipe needs: chunky heat (chili garlic sauce/sriracha+flakes) or deeper fermented spice (gochujang/harissa).
Start with the listed swap ratio, then adjust tang by adding 1–2 teaspoon vinegar or a squeeze of lemon per batch.
If the substitute is too thick, loosen with 1–2 tablespoon water; if it’s too mild, mix in extra chili flakes or chili powder.
Taste and finish: add a pinch of salt to boost chili brightness, and reduce sweetness if the substitute is sweetened.
Use immediately for best flavor, or let it sit 5 minutes in the sauce so the heat and vinegar mellow together.