Identify your use: baking (flavor needs balance) vs drinks (flavor strength shows immediately).
Choose the closest option from the list and apply the listed ratio (start at the lower end for stronger anise like absinthe).
Adjust sweetness: if the substitute tastes sharp or herbal, add a small amount of sugar/syrup until it rounds out.
Adjust anise intensity: if it’s overpowering, reduce by 10–25% or add a neutral base (more cream/syrup/water depending on the recipe).
For DIY swaps, dissolve and chill first; if you used extract, stir thoroughly and taste after 5 minutes.