Identify your recipe goal: silky blending (sauces/mousses) or baking set (cakes/brownies/puddings).
Choose the closest substitute from the list and apply the listed substitution ratio.
If your substitute is grainy or lumpy (tofu, ricotta, cottage cheese), blend or beat until fully smooth before adding to your recipe.
Adjust consistency: if it’s thicker than silken tofu, thin with a small splash of water or milk; if it’s too loose, reduce or drain.
Taste and balance: add a small pinch of salt or a tiny touch of lemon/vinegar to prevent the swap from tasting flat.