Choose your substitute based on the dish type and desired flavor match. Use the at-a-glance table to compare heat level, color payoff, and best-use context.
Prepare the substitute as directed: adjust ratios and prep as noted for each option. Grind gochugaru flakes to powder if the fine form is unavailable.
Apply the substitution ratio carefully. Start with the stated amount and adjust to taste, especially with cayenne, which is significantly hotter than hot paprika.
Taste and adjust seasoning. Check salt levels if using a pre-mixed blend, and add a small squeeze of lemon or splash of vinegar if the dish tastes flat.