Choose your substitute based on the dish type and desired flavor match. Consider whether you need smoke, color, or heat as your primary goal.
Prepare the substitute as directed: adjust ratios and prep as noted for each option. Cayenne requires a reduced ratio of ¼ teaspoon per 1 teaspoon paprika.
Apply the substitution ratio carefully. Start with the stated amount and adjust to taste, especially with chipotle and cayenne.
Taste and adjust seasoning. Some substitutes shift flavor or color slightly, so add tomato paste if you need to restore red color.