Identify your use: salad dressing, marinade, pickling shortcut, or deglazing/sauce.
Choose the substitute from the closest-match options and use the listed ratio (1:1 unless adjusted).
If using a sharper option (like distilled white vinegar), dilute with equal water before adding to your dish.
Taste after 5 minutes (or after the dressing rests 10 minutes) and adjust: add a pinch of sugar for bite balance or salt for depth.
For rice vinegar or lemon juice swaps, reduce any extra sweetness in the recipe so the final flavor stays balanced.