Identify your use: deglazing/braising (needs body) or baking (needs acidity and color).
Start with the substitute ratio from the list (many swaps work 1:1; non-alcohol options start at ¾:1).
If the substitute tastes too sweet, add a small splash of vinegar to sharpen the flavor; if too sharp, simmer longer to round it.
For alcohol-free swaps, simmer 2–5 minutes before adding to the dish so harsh fruit notes blend in.
Taste the sauce/batter at the end and adjust: tiny pinches of salt deepen, and a final vinegar touch restores “wine” brightness.