Identify your use: baking (cookie/bread) vs. cooking (sauce/glaze) so you match viscosity and browning needs.
Pick the substitute that best matches flavor intensity: mild sweetness (maple/honey) vs caramel depth (molasses/golden syrup).
Use the listed ratio to replace cane syrup 1:1 (or ¾:1 for the brown sugar + water option).
If the substitute is thinner than cane syrup (often honey), simmer the syrup for 1–2 minutes to concentrate before adding.
Taste and fine-tune after mixing: add a pinch of salt for balance or a little extra sugar/brown sugar for stronger caramel notes.