Identify your use (melting/gratin, baking, or slicing/finishing) and prioritize melt match first for baked dishes.
Start with the listed ratio (usually 1:1 for Swiss-style cheeses; ¾:1 for creamier swaps).
Grate the substitute for more even melting, especially if the dish needs a smooth top.
If the substitute browns too fast, lower oven temp by ~25°F (or cover briefly) and extend cook time.
Taste the sauce or batter and adjust seasoning (salt/pepper) because milder cheeses can reduce perceived flavor.