Identify your use case: thickening (sauces/gravy), crisp coating, or baking structure.
Choose the closest match from the substitute list and use the ratio given for the specific substitute.
If your swap is starch-based and your dish looks too thick or dull, loosen with water/broth in 1–2 tablespoon increments.
If your swap is flour-based and the texture is too soft, bake longer or increase heat to drive off moisture.
Do a quick consistency check: simmer 30–60 seconds for thickener swaps, then adjust.