Identify your couscous use: side for saucy dishes (fluffy/steamed) vs thick base (bed for stew).
Choose a substitute from the table that matches the bite you want (fine, pearl, or fluffy grains).
Use the listed ratio (for grain swaps) or measure the same serving size, then adjust with 1–2 tablespoons more liquid if it feels dry.
Let the cooked substitute rest 5 minutes, then fluff (or stir well) to prevent clumps.
Season immediately with salt/broth and any couscous spices so the swap tastes integrated, not bland.