Identify your recipe goal: moisture (cakes/brownies), chew/body (cookies/bar-like bakes), or caramel sweetness (glazes).
Choose the closest swap from the table, using the ratio (e.g., 1:1 for prune/raisin pastes; lower ratios for syrups/molasses).
If your substitute is paste-free (applesauce/syrup), adjust by thickening (less liquid) or loosening (a splash of water/milk) to match batter thickness.
If your substitute is fruit-based, blend/soak until smooth so it distributes like date paste and prevents gritty texture.
Taste once the batter is mixed: add a pinch of salt to balance, or reduce added sweeteners to keep the final sweetness from jumping.