Match your dish goal: for a smooth, creamy melt, start with Gouda or Provolone; for baked browning, try Asiago.
Use the ratio from the list (most swaps are 1:1). If using cheddar, start at ¾ because it’s bolder and can overwhelm the mild base notes.
For watery or very soft results, shred and let the cheese sit 5 minutes so it melts more evenly; for stronger flavor, pair with a neutral melter like mozzarella.
Taste the finished dish: if the flavor is flat, add salt in small pinches; if it’s too sharp, balance with a bit of cream, béchamel, or olive-oil-rich sauce.