Decide what you need kefir to do: add tang (acid), add moisture, or provide a thicker cultured texture.
Use the ratio from the table: start with 1:1 swaps for most yogurt/buttermilk options.
If the substitute is thicker than kefir, whisk in water or milk a tablespoon at a time until it pours like kefir.
For baking, let the batter sit 3–5 minutes so the acid can react with baking soda (if your recipe uses it).
Taste the mixture (especially batters) and adjust sweetness/salt if the tang feels stronger or weaker than kefir.