Decide how you’ll use it: finishing (needs aroma) or mixing into batter/sauce (needs flavor + fat compatibility).
Choose the substitute that matches the dish: infused zest + oil for finish, zest + butter for warmth, or lemon extract for the most consistent citrus punch.
Apply by ratio: use 1:1 for infused oils and extract blends; for lemon juice + oil, start slightly under (¾:1) and adjust after tasting.
If your substitute is zest-based, let it sit 5–15 minutes (warm gently if needed) so the oils pull more citrus aroma.
Taste for balance: if it’s dull, add a little more zest; if it’s too sharp, round it out with a touch more oil.