Identify your use case (dry rub, marinade, or baking) and choose the substitute that matches your format (dry vs. liquid).
Match the flavor balance: aim for citrus brightness (zest or citrus concentrate) plus black pepper bite.
Measure using the table ratio; if your substitute is saltier than lemon pepper, reduce to avoid over-seasoning.
For liquid swaps (lemon juice), let the surface sit 2–3 minutes and then pat off excess moisture before finishing or baking.
Taste and adjust: add more pepper for heat, more citrus for brightness, or a pinch of salt if the flavor feels flat.