Identify your dish goal (meaty stir-fry bite, deep umami, or saucy mushroom texture) and pick the closest substitute from the list.
Use the listed ratio as your starting point; if the substitute is wetter (portobello, frozen), cook first and drain/reduce before adding sauce.
Match the prep: slice thick for “meaty” bites (king oyster), remove shiitake stems for tenderness, or chop seared portobello/eggplant into similar-sized pieces.
Finish with heat control: cook uncovered and don’t overcrowd the pan so the substitute browns instead of steaming.
Taste and adjust seasoning after the first sauté—mushrooms mute salt early and then brighten the flavor once browned.