Identify your use: spreading (toast), thickener/sauce base (stir-ins), or baking structure (bars/cookies).
Use the listed ratio as your starting point; peanut butter swaps are usually 1:1 except tahini (use a bit less).
If the substitute is thinner (common with tahini), reduce other liquids by a small amount or add a thickener like oats/cocoa/flour depending on the recipe.
Adjust flavor: add salt to muted nut-seed swaps (sunflower butter) or reduce added sugar if your substitute is sweeter (cookie butter).
Taste and test your texture—then decide whether to blend longer for smoother results (especially almond/cashew butters with oil separation).