Identify what sake does in your recipe: deglazing sauce flavor, marinade alcohol, or mild sweetness/brightness.
Start with the ratio in the table; if your substitute is sweeter (mirin), dilute it before adding.
Add early for cooking sauces so the alcohol note cooks off; add late for brightness only (vinegar-based).
Taste and adjust: if flat, add a small splash of acid; if too sharp, balance with a tiny pinch of sugar.
For alcohol substitutes, simmer 1–2 minutes longer if you still detect raw harshness.