Match the role: if your recipe uses shrimp paste for briny seafood punch, choose fish sauce or anchovy paste; if it’s for fermented depth, choose miso.
Start with the listed 1:1 swap, then adjust: if the substitute tastes too salty, thin with a splash of water/broth; if it’s too mild, reduce or add a second small spoon.
Cook it in for 30–60 seconds: dissolve paste-based substitutes into hot oil or sauce base so the flavor blooms instead of tasting raw.
Finish by tasting and balancing: add sweetness (small pinch of sugar) or acidity (a few drops of vinegar or lime) if the swap amplifies harshness.