Identify your bake type (cookie, muffin, quick bread) and whether you need soy’s structure or just its flour function.
Choose the closest substitute from the list and use the listed ratio as your starting point.
If the batter seems dry or crumbly, add 1–2 teaspoons water or milk per ¼ cup soy-flour equivalent; if it seems gummy, reduce liquid slightly next time.
If flavor is strong (especially in chickpea/pea swaps), add a balancing ingredient (vanilla, cocoa, citrus zest, or a pinch of salt) to mask bitterness.
Let the batter rest 10 minutes before baking to improve hydration and reduce graininess.