Identify your goal: thickening, deep tomato umami, or color/tang for the finished dish.
Start with the ratio from the WPRM table, then adjust after 1–2 minutes of cooking in the pan.
If the substitute is watery (sauce/crushed tomatoes), simmer until it coats a spoon before adding spices.
Taste and correct balance: add a pinch of salt/umami boost if the swap tastes flat, or a tiny pinch of sugar only if it tastes overly sharp.
For recipes that require a paste-like “base,” cook the substitute in oil 30–60 seconds to caramelize slightly.