Identify your dish goal: hot pot/stir-fry texture (chewy + slippery) or just mushroom bulk/flavor.
Choose the swap from closest texture: dried black fungus or cloud ear for best bite, or shiitake/bamboo/okra/cabbage for flavor and volume.
Prep correctly: rehydrate dried options until fully flexible; for slimy swaps (okra), blanch briefly and slice thin.
Adjust amount: if your substitute is drier (shiitake), use a bit less; if it’s bulkier/softer (cabbage), use a bit more to match the mouthfeel.
Cook at the wood-ear stage: add during the last few minutes of stir-fry or hot pot so it stays tender without turning wet.